VB prefixes … 
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| Акроним | Тип | Значение |
.a |
Ext | archive |
A |
HTML | anchor |
Aacute |
HTML | A with accent acute (also: Oacute etc.) |
Acirc |
HTML | A with accent circonflexe (also: Ocirc etc.) |
ACK |
ASCII | acknowledge |
adb |
Cmd | Algol or absolute or assembly or advanced debug |
Aelig |
HTML | AE ligature (also: aelig) |
Agrave |
HTML | A with accent grave (also: Ograve etc.) |
AIX |
OS | Advanced Interactive Executive |
ALT |
HTML | alternative (image for text-only browsers) |
ANSI |
Org | American National Standards Institute |
ar |
Cmd | archiver |
ARP |
Prot | address resolution protocol |
ARPA |
Org | Advanced Research Project Agency |
as |
Cmd | assembler |
ASCII |
ASCII | American standard code for info-interchange |
atob |
Cmd | ASCII to binary |
atof |
Func | ASCII to float |
atoi |
Func | ASCII to integer |
Auml |
HTML | A with umlaut (also: Ouml etc.) |
A/UX |
OS | Apple Unix |
awk |
Cmd | Aho, Weinberger, Kernighan (names of authors) |
B |
HTML | bold |
bat |
CMD | bat-edit/bat-file |
bash |
Cmd | Bourne again shell |
bc |
Cmd | Basic-Calculator (in Unix versions: B-compiler) |
BEL |
ASCII | bell |
bg |
Builtin | background |
biff |
Prot | not an acronym |
bin |
Dir | binaries |
bootp |
Prot | bootstrap protocol |
BR |
HTML | break (line) |
brk |
Func | break |
BS |
ASCII | backspace |
BSD |
OS | Berkeley Software Distribution |
bsearch |
Func | binary search |
bsh |
Cmd | Bourne shell (name of program author) |
btoa |
Cmd | binary to ASCII |
.c |
Ext | C |
.cpp |
Ext | C++ («C plus plus») |
.cxx |
Ext | C++ found on FS that don’t allow plus signs in file names |
.C |
Ext | C++ (on systems where CC is the C++ compiler) |
C |
Lang | Successor of B is successor Basic Combined Language |
C++ |
Lang | Successor of C (++ is the C increment operator) |
c89 |
Cmd | 1989 (ANSI/ISO-)C compiler |
cal |
Cmd | calendar |
calloc |
Func | count or cleared allocation |
CAN |
ASCII | cancel |
cat |
Cmd | concatenate |
cb |
Cmd | C beautifier |
cc |
Cmd | C compiler |
Ccedil |
HTML | C with cedille (also: ccedil) |
cd |
Builtin | change directory |
CDE |
Misc | common desktop environment |
chargen |
Prot | character generator |
chdir |
Func | change directory |
chgrp |
Cmd | change group |
chmod |
Cmd | change mode |
chown |
Cmd | change owner |
chsh |
Cmd | change shell |
ci |
Cmd | check in |
cmp |
Cmd | compare |
co |
Cmd | check out |
.com |
TLD | commercial |
cmd |
Cmd | command |
comm |
Cmd | common |
cp |
Cmd | copy |
cpio |
Cmd | copy (archive files) in and out (of an archive) |
cpp |
Cmd | C pre-processor |
CR |
ASCII | carriage return |
crc |
Misc | cyclic redundancy check |
cron |
Cmd | Chronos (greek god) |
csh |
Cmd | C shell (resembles the syntax of the C language) |
ctime |
Func | convert time |
ctype.h |
Hdr | character types |
CVS |
Misc | concurrent versions system |
...d |
Cmd | daemon (e. g. inetd = internet daemon) |
daemon |
Misc | disk and execution monitor |
dbx |
Cmd | extended debug |
dc |
Cmd | desk calculator |
DC1 |
ASCII | device control 1 (also: DC2, DC3, DC4) |
DCE |
Misc | distributed computing environment |
dd |
Cmd | 1: Dataset Definition 2: Copy+Convert (called dd because cc is C-compiler 3: data, device, disk, dump in various combinations |
DD |
HTML | dictionary definition |
DEC |
Org | Digital Equipment Corporation |
DEL |
ASCII | delete |
dev |
Dir | devices |
df |
Cmd | disk free |
DHCP |
Prot | dynamic host configuration protocol |
diff |
Cmd | difference |
diff3 |
Cmd | differences of three files |
DIR |
HTML | directory |
dirname |
Cmd | directory name |
DIV |
HTML | division |
DL |
HTML | define list |
DLE |
ASCII | data link escape |
DNS |
Misc | domain name server |
DT |
HTML | dictionary term |
du |
Cmd | disk usage |
dup |
Func | duplicate |
DVI |
Fmt | device independant |
DWARF |
Fmt | debug with arbitrary record format |
ed |
Cmd | editor |
.edu |
TLD | educational |
egrep |
Cmd | extended grep |
ELF |
Fmt | extensible linking format |
elm |
Cmd | electronic mail |
EM |
ASCII | end of medium |
EM |
HTML | emphasize |
emacs |
Cmd | editing macros Sometimes: Eight MBs & constantly swapping or: Escape Meta Alternate Control Shift or: Emacs makes any computer slow |
ENQ |
ASCII | enquiry |
env |
Builtin | environment |
EOF |
Edit | end of file |
EOT |
ASCII | end of transmission |
eqn |
Cmd | equation |
errno |
Misc | error number |
esac |
Builtin | case (reversed) |
ESC |
ASCII | escape |
etc |
Dir | et cetera |
ETB |
ASCII | end of transmission block |
Eth |
Network | Ethernet |
ETX |
ASCII | end of text |
eval |
Cmd | evaluate |
ex |
Cmd | extended editor |
exec |
Builtin | execute |
execl |
Func | execute list |
execle |
Func | execl with environment |
execlp |
Func | execl with path search |
execv |
Func | execute (with arguments passed in a) vector |
execve |
Func | execv with environment |
execvp |
Func | execv with path search |
expr |
Cmd | expression |
ext |
Ext | extension |
fc |
Cmd | fix command |
fd |
Spc | floppy disk |
fd |
Dir | file descriptors (as in /dev/fd) |
fcntl |
Func | file control |
FF |
ASCII | form feed |
fg |
Builtin | foreground |
fgrep |
Cmd | fixed-string grep |
fi |
Builtin | if (reversed) |
fmt |
Cmd | format |
fprintf |
Func | file print formatted |
FS |
ASCII | file separator |
fscanf |
Func | file scan formatted |
fsck |
Cmd | file system check |
FSF |
Org | Free Software Foundation |
fstab |
File | file system table |
ftio |
Cmd | fast tape input/output |
ftok |
Func | file token |
ftp |
Cmd | file transfer protocol |
fuser |
Cmd | file user |
ftw |
Func | file tree walk |
g... |
Cmd | GNU |
getty |
Cmd | get tty |
GIF |
Fmt | graphic interchange format |
glob |
Misc | global (as in «globbing») |
GNU |
Misc | GNU is not Unix |
.gov |
TLD | government |
grep |
Cmd | global regular expression print |
GS |
ASCII | group separator |
.gz |
Ext | GNU zip |
.h |
Ext | header |
H1 |
HTML | header 1 (also: H2 … H6) |
HALIGN |
HTML | horizontal alignment |
hd |
Spc | hard disk |
hdr |
Header | Header |
HP |
Org | Hewlett Packard |
HPUX |
OS | Hewlett-Packard Unix |
HR |
HTML | horizontal ruler |
HREF |
HTML | hypertext reference |
HT |
ASCII | horizontal tabulator |
HTML |
Fmt | hypertext markup language |
http |
Prot | hypertext transfer protocol |
.i |
Ext | intermediate |
I |
HTML | italic |
IBM |
Org | International Business Machines |
ICMP |
Prot | Internet control message protocol |
id |
Cmd | identity |
IEEE |
Org | Institute of Electrical and Electronical Engineers |
IFS |
Env | internal field seperators |
IMG |
HTML | image |
imake |
Cmd | interface to make |
IMAP2 |
Prot | interim mail access protocol, version 2 |
inode |
Misc | index node (if anything at all |
ioctl |
Func | input/output control |
IP |
Prot | Internet protocol |
irc |
Cmd | internet relay chat |
isatty |
Func | is a tty |
ISO |
Org | not an acronym |
IRQ |
IRQ | Interrupt Service Routine – обработчик прерываний |
Java |
Lang | js |
Java |
Lang | not an acronym |
JPEG |
Fmt | joint pictures expert group |
jsh |
Cmd | job-control shell |
KBD |
HTML | keyboard |
kmem |
Spc | kernel memory |
ksh |
Cmd | Korn shell (from David Korn, program author) |
.l |
Ext | lex |
LANG |
Env | language |
ld |
Cmd | link editor or loader |
lex |
Cmd | lexical analyser |
LF |
ASCII | line feed |
LI |
HTML | list item |
lib |
Dir | library |
lint |
Cmd | not an acronym (removes lint from programs) |
Linux |
OS | from Linus (program author’s name) Unix |
lharc |
Cmd | Lempl-Huffman archiver (algorithm authors) |
ln |
Cmd | link |
LOGNAME |
Env | log-in name |
logname |
Cmd | log-in name |
lorder |
Cmd | library order |
lp |
Spc | line printer |
lpc |
Cmd | line printer control |
lpd |
Cmd | line printer daemon |
lpp |
Dir | licensed program products |
lpq |
Cmd | line printer queue |
lpr |
Cmd | line print |
lprm |
Cmd | line printer remove (from queue) |
ls |
Cmd | list |
m4 |
Cmd | macro processor version 4 (successor of M3) |
malloc |
Func | memory allocation |
man |
Cmd | manual |
mem |
Spc | memory |
MHS |
Misc | message handling system |
.mil |
TLD | military |
MIME |
Misc | multi-purpose Internet mail extensions |
Minix |
OS | miniature Unix |
mkfs |
Cmd | make file system |
mknod |
Cmd | make node |
motd |
File | message or motto of the day |
MPEG |
Fmt | motion picture expert group |
MULTICS |
OS | multiplexed information and computing system |
mv |
Cmd | move |
mvdir |
Cmd | move directory |
mwm |
Cmd | Motif window manager |
NAK |
ASCII | negative acknowledge |
nawk |
Cmd | new awk |
nbsp |
HTML | non-breaking space |
.net |
TLD | network |
NFS |
Misc | network file system |
NIC |
Org | Network Information Center |
NIS |
Misc | network information system |
NL |
ASCII | new line |
nl |
Cmd | number lines |
nm |
Cmd | names |
nn |
Cmd | no news |
nntp |
Prot | network news transfer protocol |
NOBR |
HTML | no break |
nohup |
Cmd | no hang-up |
.nom |
TLD | nomenclature |
nroff |
Cmd | new roff |
NTP |
Prot | network time protocol |
NUL |
ASCII | Null |
NUMA |
Sys | Неоднородный доступ к памяти |
.o |
Ext | object code |
oclock |
Cmd | O shaped clock |
od |
Cmd | octal dump |
OL |
HTML | ordered list |
.org |
TLD | organization |
org |
acronim | organization |
OSF |
Org | Open Software Foundation |
OSI |
Org | Open Systems Interconnection |
pack |
HTML | package |
pkt |
HTML | package |
P |
HTML | paragraph |
passwd |
Cmd | password |
pax |
Cmd | portable archive exchange |
PBM |
Fmt | portable bitmap |
pcc |
Cmd | portable C compiler |
pclose |
Func | process close |
PDP |
Misc | programmed data processor |
Perl |
Lang | practical extraction and report language |
pg |
Cmd | pager |
pgp |
Cmd | pretty good privacy |
pico |
Cmd | pine composer |
pine |
Cmd | program for Internet news and e-mail |
ping |
Cmd | not an acronym |
PNG |
Fmt | portable network graphics |
POP3 |
Prot | post office protocol version 3 |
popd |
Builtin | pop directory (off stack) |
popen |
Func | process open |
Posix |
Misc | portable operating system interface for Unix |
povray |
Cmd | persistence of vision raytracer |
PPP |
Prot | point-to-point protocol |
PPTP |
Prot | point-to-point tunneling protocol |
pr |
Cmd | prepare (for printing) |
prs |
Cmd | print revision summary |
printcap |
File | printer capability |
PRE |
HTML | pre-formatted |
printf |
Func | print formatted |
proc |
Dir | processes (/proc pseudo directory) |
prof |
Cmd | profiler |
.ps |
Ext | Postscript |
ps |
Cmd | process status |
PS1 |
Env | prompt string 1 (same for PS2 etc.) |
pty |
Spc | pseudo tty |
pushd |
Builtin | push directory |
pwd |
Cmd | print work directory |
qdaemon |
Cmd | queue daemon |
qsort |
Func | quick sort |
r... |
Spc | raw (e. g. rfd0 = raw floppy disk 0) |
r... |
Cmd | remote (e. g. rsh = remote shell) |
RAID |
Misc | redundant array of inexpensive or independant disks |
ranlib |
Cmd | (create) random access library |
RARP |
Prot | reverse ARP |
rc |
Misc | run commands |
rcp |
Cmd | remote copy |
rcs |
Cmd | revision control system |
realloc |
Func | re-allocate |
.rec |
TLD | recreation |
regcmp |
Func | regular expression compile |
regex |
Func | regular expression execute |
RFC |
Misc | request for comments |
RFD |
Misc | request for discussion |
RFO |
Misc | request for opinions |
RIP |
Prot | routing information protocol |
rlogin |
Cmd | remote login |
rm |
Cmd | remove |
rmdel |
Cmd | remove delta |
rmail |
Cmd | restricted mail |
rmdir |
Cmd | remove directory |
rmt |
Cmd | remote magnetic tape |
rmt |
Spc | raw magnetic tape |
rsh |
Cmd | remote shell or restricted shell (sometimes Rsh) |
roff |
Cmd | run-off (similar program) |
RS |
ASCII | record separator |
rz |
Cmd | receive Z-modem |
.sa |
Ext | stub archive |
SAMP |
HTML | sample |
sar |
Cmd | system activity report |
sbin |
Dir | superuser binaries |
sbrk |
Func | segment break |
scanf |
Func | scan formatted |
sccs |
Misc | source code control system |
SCO |
Org | Santa Cruz Operation |
SCSI |
Misc | small computer systems interface |
sdb |
Cmd | symbolic debugger |
sed |
Cmd | stream editor |
SGML |
Fmt | standard generalized markup language |
sh |
Cmd | shell |
shar |
Cmd | shell archive |
shtml |
Prot | server-parsed HTML |
SI |
ASCII | shift in |
Sinix |
OS | Siemens Unix |
SIGABRT |
Sig | signal: abort |
SIGALRM |
Sig | signal: alarm clock |
SIGBUS |
Sig | signal: bus error |
SIGCHLD |
Sig | signal: (exit of a) child |
SIGCONT |
Sig | signal: continue |
SIGEMT |
Sig | signal: EMT instruction |
SIGFPE |
Sig | signal: floating point exception |
SIGHUP |
Sig | signal: hangup |
SIGILL |
Sig | signal: illegal instruction |
SIGINT |
Sig | signal: interruption |
SIGIO |
Sig | signal: input/output (possible or completed) |
SIGSEGV |
Sig | signal: segmentation violation |
SIGSYS |
Sig | signal: (bad argument to) system call |
SIGTERM |
Sig | signal: terminate |
SIGTTIN |
Sig | signal: TTY input |
SIGTTOU |
Sig | signal: TTY output |
SIGTSTP |
Sig | Signal: terminal stop |
SIGURG |
Sig | signal: urgent I/O condition |
SIGUSR1 |
Sig | signal: user-defined signal 1 (also: SIGUSR2) |
SIGWINCH |
Sig | signal: window (size) changed |
SLIP |
Prot | serial line Internet protocol |
SMP |
Sys | Симметричная многопроцессорность |
SMTP |
Prot | simple mail transfer protocol |
SNMP |
Prot | simple network management protocol |
stdarg.h |
Hdr | standard (conforming variable) arguments |
stddef.h |
Hdr | standard definitions |
stdio.h |
Hdr | standard input/output |
stdlib.h |
Hdr | standard library |
.so |
Ext | shared object |
SO |
ASCII | shift out |
SOH |
ASCII | start of header |
Spam |
Misc | not an acronym |
SPC |
ASCII | space |
SPC |
Special | Special files |
spool |
Misc | simultaneous peripheral operation on-line |
sprintf |
Func | string print formatted |
srand |
Func | seed random number generator |
SRC |
HTML | source |
sscanf |
Func | string scan formatted |
strcspn |
Func | string character span |
strcat |
Func | string concatenate |
strchr |
Func | string (find) character |
strcmp |
Func | string compare |
strcpy |
Func | string copy |
strlen |
Func | string length |
strpbrk |
Func | string pointer break |
strrchr |
Func | string (find from the right) character |
strspn |
Func | string span |
strstr |
Func | string (find) string |
strtol |
Func | string to long |
strtok |
Func | string tokenize |
stty |
Cmd | set tty |
STX |
ASCII | start of text |
su |
Cmd | superuser |
SUB |
ASCII | substitute |
SUB |
HTML | subscript |
SUP |
HTML | superscript |
SYN |
ASCII | synchronous idle |
sync |
Cmd | synchronize |
SYSV |
OS | System V (= roman 5) |
SVR4 |
OS | System V release 4 |
sz |
Cmd | send Z-modem |
szlig |
HTML | sz ligature |
TAB |
ASCII | tabulator |
tar |
Cmd | tape archive(r) |
tbl |
Cmd | table |
Tcl |
Lang | tool command language |
tclsh |
Cmd | Tcl shell |
TCP |
Prot | transmission control protocol |
tcsh |
Cmd | Tenex C shell |
TD |
HTML | table data |
tee |
Cmd | T pipe fitting (plumbing device) |
telnet |
Cmd | terminal over network |
termcap |
Dir | terminal capability |
terminfo |
Dir | terminal information |
tex |
Cmd | tau epsilon chi (greek letters) |
tftp |
Prot | trivial file transfer protocol |
.tgz |
Ext | tar gz |
TH |
HTML | table header |
TIFF |
Fmt | tagged image file format |
Tk |
Lang | toolkit |
TLD |
Domain | Top-Level Domain |
tmp |
Dir | temporary |
TNS |
Prot | transparent network substrate |
tr |
Cmd | translate |
TR |
HTML | table row |
troff |
Cmd | typesetter roff |
tsh |
Cmd | trusted shell |
tsort |
Cmd | topological sort |
TT |
HTML | teletype |
ttt |
Cmd | tic tac toe |
tty |
Spc | teletype |
TZ |
Env | time zone |
u |
Dir | user |
U |
HTML | underline |
ucb |
Dir | University of California at Berkeley |
UDP |
Prot | user datagram protocol |
UL |
HTML | unsorted list |
ulimit |
Cmd | user’s limit |
umask |
Func | user’s (file creation) mask |
uname |
Cmd | Unix name |
uniq |
Cmd | unique |
unistd.h |
Hdr | Unix standard |
Unix |
OS | From UNICS, a pun on its predecessor |
URL |
Misc | uniform resource locator |
US |
ASCII | unit separator |
Usenet |
Misc | user’s network |
USL |
Org | Unix System Laboratories |
usr |
Dir | unix shared resources |
utmp |
File | temporary file with user information |
uucp |
Cmd | Unix-to-Unix communication protocol |
,v |
Ext | version |
VALIGN |
HTML | vertical alignment |
VAR |
HTML | variable |
var |
Dir | variable |
varargs.h |
Hdr | variable (number of) arguments |
vi |
Cmd | visual (from SubCmd vi) to switche in visual mode |
vim |
Cmd | vi improved (previously: vi imitation) |
vprintf |
Func | varargs print formatted |
VT |
ASCII | vertical tabulator |
VT |
Misc | video terminal (as in VT-52, VT-100) |
W3C |
Org | Word Wide Web Consortium |
wall |
Cmd | write all |
wc |
Cmd | word count |
wish |
Cmd | windowing shell |
...wm |
Cmd | window manager |
WWW |
Misc | world wide web |
X |
Misc | Successor of W/Windows, usually Ver#(e.g. X11) |
xargs |
Cmd | extended arguments |
XBM |
Fmt | X bitmap |
xdm |
Cmd | X display manager |
xdpr |
Cmd | X dump print |
XENIX |
OS | Xenos Unix |
xfd |
Cmd | X font display |
xmkmf |
Cmd | X make makefile |
XMP |
HTML | example |
XML |
Fmt | extensible markup language |
XOFF |
ASCII | transmission off |
XON |
ASCII | transmission on |
XPM |
Fmt | X pixel map |
xrdb |
Cmd | X resource database |
xwd |
Cmd | X window dump |
xwud |
Cmd | X window un-dump |
.y |
Ext | yacc |
yacc |
Cmd | yet another compiler compiler |
yp |
Misc | yellow pages |
.Z |
Ext | Compress uses Huffmann encoding |
zip |
Cmd | Ziv packer (algorithm author) |
